A door that is, say, 36" x 80" (0.9m x 2m), with a surface area of 2880 sq/in (1.8m 2), at 8 psi (55kPa) max cabin pressure differential, which most airliners run at, will have roughly 12 tons (102kN) acting on the perimeter fittings trying to blow it out.Any other forces acting on it are microscopic in comparison. The centrifugal force is the force experienced by the propeller blades when turning at speed. blades forward at the tips. They are thrust, drag, lift, and weight. the aircraft does not accelerate normal to the direction of flight. Weight is the gravitational force experienced by the airplane. ". Thrust is the push or pull forward that allows the aircraft to move. What is centrifugal force in aviation? Lift. In today's episode we will be learning the four forces acting on an aircraft. accelerations induce G-forces on the body that may be described as Gx, Gy, and Gz. The power plant is what the name suggests, it . Weight. Aerodynamic forces are pressures acting on an area, and the force is the result of the pressure difference between both sides of the wing. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Centrifugal Forces. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. Assume D and are horizontal. It is created with a propeller, jet engine, or rocket. 4 MAIN FORCES ACTING ON A PAPER or REAL AIRPLANE. Which is true regarding the forces acting on an. See also. of the propeller blade. Welcome to another lesson in the "Introduction to Aerodynamics" series! The forces acting on the aircraft during the flight are shown in the diagram below. The Earth frame is a convenient frame to express aircraft translational and rotational kinematics. . Used to overcome aerodynamic drag and any other forces acting to retard the aircraft's motion . Forces acting on Aircraft (Level Flight) Lift. Forces always act in pairs, on different bodies, and in opposite directions. These are the forces: Lift. The angle of attack (AOA) is an aerodynamic angle, not easy to measure. Khan Academy Knowledge Video. Lift is an aerodynamic force (" aero " stands for the air, and " dynamic " denotes motion). Our online aircraft trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top aircraft quizzes. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. Gravity (weight) Lift Thrust Drag 1)Gravity Gravity is a vector quantity that always acts towards the centre of the earth . Lift and Drag are considered aerodynamic forces because they exist due to the movement of the aircraft through the air . The action of inertial forces is considered on a propeller running with a constant angular velocity of ω in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from the tip of axis oz (Fig. Determine the resultant of four forces and its line of action with respect to the axis of the plane which is the angle making with either "X" or ")" planes. Lift is the key aerodynamic force that keeps objects in the air. Forces Acting on the Airplane Forces Acting on the Airplane First, we should define these forces in relation to straight and level, unaccelerated flight. When an airplane is flying straight and level at a constant speed, the lift it produces balances its weight, and the thrust it produces balances its drag. Thrust. This force is directly opposed by drag. A force may be thought of as a push or pull in a specific direction. Start studying Forces Acting on an Airplane. The turbine blades thus experience lift and drag forces, similar to the aircraft wing, which set the blades in motion transferring the wind energy into the kinetic energy of the blades. This includes the weight of the pilots, passengers, baggage and fuel. In a normal turn, this force is supplied by banking the airplane so that lift is exerted inward as well as upward. Thrust works opposite of drag. : 151 : § 14.2 The other force acting on an aircraft during flight is its weight, which is a body force and not an aerodynamic force. Lift, weight . ). A door that is, say, 36" x 80" (0.9m x 2m), with a surface area of 2880 sq/in (1.8m 2), at 8 psi (55kPa) max cabin pressure differential, which most airliners run at, will have roughly 12 tons (102kN) acting on the perimeter fittings trying to blow it out.Any other forces acting on it are microscopic in comparison. Forces (Level Flight) . Torque Effect results from a propeller airplane producing thrust. Forces acting on the airplane. Thrust, Drag, Lift, and Weight are the 4 forces an aircraft needs to fly. The wings are prevented from folding over the fuselage by the resisting strength of the wing structure. This force is called the lift and is generated by the motion of the airplane through the air. Weight. These same four forces help an airplane fly. The bending action creates a tension stress on the bottom of the wings and a compression stress on the top of the wings. )(F1 is 10degrees and F2 is 30degrees) (a) What is the . If you want to become a pilot, the first. The magnitude of the weight depends on the mass of all the airplane parts, plus the amount of fuel, plus any payload on board (people, baggage, freight, etc. The stresses acting on an aircraft are shown in figure 4-1. Lift and weight are two of the four forces acting on an airplane, the other two are drag and thrust (see Figure 1). The main driving force of the aircraft caused by the engines and its propellers. There are also a few differences from the forces on a powered aircraft, but the similarities are so great . The flight envelope of an aeroplane can be divided into two regimes. 6. Forces Acting on the Airplane. Lift is created by differences in air pressure. Heavier-than-air flight is made possible by a careful balance of four physical forces: lift, drag, weight, and thrust. Forces in Turns. Drag is a slowing force . Two forces 10 N acting in the direction N 30 east and 15 N acting in the eastern direction, if both forces act at a point, find the magnitude and direction of (a) the resultant force (b) the equilibriant force. During the approach phase, if the aircraft descends at a . Explanations. These four forces are: LIFT, WEIGHT, THRUST & DRAG. The way the four forces act on the airplane make the plane do different things. Lift is the upward force allowing the aircraft to fly. The horizontal component of lift is the force that pulls the aircraft from a straight flight path to make it turn. Every particle of matter, including an airplane, is attracted downward toward the center of the earth by gravitational force. And the centre of the gravity of a… MCQs: Almost all the forces acting on aircraft can be categorized as _____ body or surface forces body forces only only as surface force neither body nor surface force. Force exerted by a propeller, jet engine, or rocket motor . Home. To understand the forces at play when an aircraft climbs and descends, first lets briefly define the four main forces acting on that aircraft when it moves through the air. The primary forces acting on an aircraft can be broken down into a few basic components and analyzed in the same way as a typical free body diagram. In some respects at least, how well a pilot performs in flight depends upon the ability to plan and coordinate the use of the power and flight controls for changing the forces of thrust, drag, lift, and weight. You only will get a nose-up moment if your reference point is aft . The four forces of flight are :- THRUST - which acts forward DRAG - which is parallel to fore and aft axis and acts in the direction of relative airflow. An airplane in flight is the centre of a continuous tug of war between four forces : lift, gravity force or weight, thrust, and drag. Forces (Level Flight). Without lift the plane would not fly. Drag. Centrifugal And Aerodynamic Twisting. The amount of . The first is rectilinear flight in a straight line, i.e. The turbine blades are connected to a single rotor shaft and the force of the wind along the length of the blades creates a torque which turns the rotor. It is the balance between these forces that the pilot must always control. Additionally, one force acting on the aircraft, weight, is fixed in the +z E direction. Lift is the key aerodynamic force that keeps objects in the air. 1. lIFT Categories: Forces of Flight, Lift, Drag, Thrust, Weight These forces control the motion of the aircraft during flight. The plane goes up if the forces of lift and thrust are more than gravity and drag. The weight pulls down on the plane opposing the . Lift. These forces are lift, weight (or gravity), drag and thrust. There are four major forces acting on an aircraft in flight. Because these two forces are no longer equal, the airplane begins to accelerate in the direction of the prevailing force, thrust. Lift is the force that acts at a right angle to the direction of motion through the air. Torque - Force or combination of forces that cause a twisting or rotating motion of an airplane 1 . These forces are also related to fluid flow along the body of an aircraft. To make an airplane fly, we must generate a force to overcome the weight. blades are typically thinner near the tip, thrust. You will be getting a new aerospace series episode every Wednesday. It is the force that opposes weight; thus, lift helps to keep an aircraft in the air. The modern Boeing 747 passenger jet airplane cruises at a speed up to 920 km/hr, at an altitude of 11,500 m. The cabin pressure is maintained equivalent to the atmospheric pressure at an altitude of 2,000 m. This is called the "cabin altitude". Several factors may change the rotor blade AOA and the pilot has little direct control over . The second is curvilinear flight, which, as the name suggests, involves flight in . . is the "lift" force on the wing.) From there, you simply scale the coefficients to forces and moments. Computing for the resultant force F_net: F_net^2 = F1^2 + F2^2 F_net^2 = (6E3)^2 + (2E3)^2 F_net^2 = 36E6 + 4E6 F_net^2 = 40E6 . I couldn't find information on the area of the passenger windows in the 747, so let's assume they're . The force of lift during a turn is separated into two components at right angles to each other. An internal combustion engine is designed to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion at the crankshaft. MCQs 1: What are the ground loads? Drag is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid . This slide shows the forces that act on the Wright airplane in flight.. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag. Because propeller. When the aircraft is in motion and the air moves across the surface of the wing creates a negative and positive pressure on top and bottom of the wings thus creating the Lift. Lift is the second and primary force helps your airplane keep flying. This slide shows the forces that act on the Wright 1900 aircraft when flown as a kite.You can compare these forces to the forces on the aircraft when flown as a piloted glider and you will note only a few differences. The forces acting on an airfoil in flight, as a result of the changes in static pressure around it, may be considered to act through the center . When lift and weight are balanced, the aircraft remains in straight and level flight or maintains . When this happens, the force of thrust becomes greater (for a time) than the rearward force of drag. two forces are acting on an aircraft of mass 2000 kg calculate 2000 N East 20000 N North E . In this video, we talk about the forces that act on the aircraft at all times during . Several factors may change the rotor blade AOA and the pilot has little direct control over . Transcribed image text: Q5. Physics. The angle of attack (AOA) is an aerodynamic angle, not easy to measure. Thrust. Lift works opposite of weight. Forces. Thrust and lift are artificially created forces used to overcome the forces of nature and enable an airplane to fly. Which is true regarding the forces acting on an aircraft in a steady-state descent? The weight is distributed throughout the airplane. As a general rule, it acts parallel to the longitudinal axis. The Four Forces Four Forces Affect Things That Fly: Weight is the force of gravity. The angle of attack (AOA) is the angle between the airfoil chord line and the relative airflow. 11. A plane uses its wings for lift and its engines for thrust. A wheel dynamometer system based on strain gage sensor with a wireless data transferring system was installed on the PZL 104 Wilga 35A multipurpose aircraft. The aircraft was towed by a vehicle and the measurements were performed at three . It is an aerodynamic angle and it can change without change to the blade pitch angle. The amount of stress created by centrifugal. Create. produced at the tip tends to flex the blade forward. They are defined as follows: Thrust—the forward force produced by the powerplant/propeller or rotor. Forces acting on Aircraft (Level Flight) Lift Weight Thrust Drag. First, we should define these forces in relation to straight and level, unaccelerated flight. These forces allow an aircraft to take off, cruise and land. If the weight of the airplane is greater than the lift created by the wings then the airplane will descend. At any given time, there are four forces acting upon an aircraft. Figure 1: The Four Forces Acting on an Airplane: DESIGN PARAMETER: Wing (Airfoil) GEOMETRY/STRUCTURE: The airplane generates lift using its wings. This is the third episode of our series. Weight is the force that works vertically by pulling all objects . There are 4 main forces that act on a paper airplane (or a real airplane for that matter) while it is flying. 12-81. Airplane engine and propeller combination is designed to produce thrust to overcome drag. The Earth frame is also useful in that, under certain assumptions, it can be approximated as inertial. Gravity. The paper presents measurements of wheel forces and moments acting on a landing gear wheel of a general aviation airplane, taxiing slowly on a grassy runway. Forces Acting on the Airplane. Lift is directed perpendicular (at right angle) to the flight direction. considered when an aircraft is designed. Physics. Lift is another aerodynamic force. Lift counters the weight that is holding the aircraft down. the four forces acting on an aeroplane. Forces Acting on the Airplane While the airplane is propelled through the air and sufficient lift is developed to sustain it in flight, there are certain other forces acting at the same time (Fig. It is a force which keeps an aircraft in the air and its magnitude is equal to the weight of the aircraft during stable flight. 17-32), and if the forces acting on the airplane actually could be seen, two forces (lift and weight) would be apparent, and if the airplane were in a bank it would be apparent that lift did not act directly opposite to the weight - it now acts in the direction of the bank. When describing these forces we have to consider the magnitude and direction. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. from chest to back; +Gx is experienced, for example, during the take-off roll as the throttle is advanced. Cessna 150M on take-off showing the four fundamental forces These four forces represent a push or pull in a particular direction. Aircraft is in flight, lift forces act upward against the wings, tending to bend them upward. Tension is the resistance to pulling apart or stretching produced by two forces pulling in opposite directions along the same straight line. Weight is the force that works vertically by pulling all objects . Forces Acting on the Aircraft. Answer & Explanation. The forces acting on an aircraft during landing are the same as those during any other phase of flight: thrust, drag, lift, and weight. Whenever the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, the object will accelerate in the direction of greatest force. The wing is designed to produce lift to overcome the weight (or gravity). This slide shows the forces that act on an airplane in flight. Weight Weight is a force that is always directed toward the center of the earth. Drag. It does take some manual effort. This force is effectively pulling them away from the aircraft. The difference is that a propeller has the additional forces of rotational speed and forward acting momentum. Lift induced drag, as the name suggests, is a drag produced due to lift. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation A force may be thought of as a push or pull in a specific direction. At any given time, there are four forces acting upon an aircraft. Determine the drag force F D andthe distance above the CM that it acts. The engine and propeller combination is designed to produce thrust to overcome drag. The action of inertial forces is considered on a propeller running with a constant angular velocity of ω in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from the tip of axis oz (Fig. FIGURE 12-81 Aircraft Propeller Theory. This rotational motion is then be converted into a forward thrusting force by the propeller which powers the aircraft forward and is required to balance the drag produced by moving . It is an aerodynamic angle and it can change without change to the blade pitch angle. As a general rule it is said to act parallel to the longitudinal axis. These forces enable the aircraft to move it forward, backward, up, and down. all forces are equal in straight and level flight. The magnitude of the force depends on the mass of all the airplane parts, plus the amount of fuel, plus the pilot. In the case of an Aircraft, four forces are acting on a Powered Aircraft during its flight in four different directions. Answer: The acceleration of the aircraft is calculated by using the formula of F_net = ma where F_net is the resultant of F1 = 6,000 N. north and F2 = 2,000 N, east. It is the force that opposes weight; thus, lift helps to keep an aircraft in the air. The aerodynamic force on a powered airplane is commonly represented by three vectors: thrust, lift and drag. This is the force pulling the aircraft in a downward direction towards the earth. The engine thrust, F T = 5.0 10 5 N,acts on a line 1.6 m below the CM. Forces Acting on the Aircraft. Thrust. Study sets, textbooks, questions. . As a general rule it is said to act parallel to the longitudinal axis. The cross-sectional shape of the wing is called an airfoil. Thrust is the forward force produced by the powerplant/propeller. fThrust bending force tends to bend the propeller. The structure of the plane can affect these 4 forces differently, no matter what type of aircraft exists, almost all airplanes have the same components throughout the history of aviation history. It acts in a downward direction—toward the center of the Earth. and other parts, it slows the plane due to airflow hitting against it. And this weight of the plane is a combination of weight of fuel ,pay load, engine and other components . These forces are lift, weight (or gravity), drag and thrust. Four Forces of Flight Reading time: 9 min In this lesson, we will examine the 4 forces of flight ( lift - weight - thrust - drag ), the Bernoulli's Principle, airfoils, leading Edge, trailing edge, Chord Line, and finally wing camber General Aviation PPL Principles of Flight Was this page helpful? LIFT - Acts perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. An airplane, like any moving object, requires a sideward force to make it turn. The inertial forces acting on the propeller are generated by its centre mass of the hub and centre mass of the blades, whose locations and actions are different. Drag: Drag is the . All planes contain, a Power plant, landing gear, fuselage, wings, and an empennage. Weight is a force that is always directed toward the center of the earth. When the forces are balanced, a plane flies in a level direction. The shape of the aircraft wings are called Aerofoil and it provides the lift. This slide shows the forces that act on an airplane in flight. Fluid dynamics; References This page was last edited on 19 February 2022, at 16:33 (UTC). Subjects. If the speed of . The angle of attack (AOA) is the angle between the airfoil chord line and the relative airflow. y 35 kN Lift -X 15 kN Thrust Drag 8 Relative wind Tail-down force (Tail lift) 3 kN Weight 28 kN o The working out solution must . Forces acting on an aircraft, whether it is on the ground or in flight, introduce pulling, pushing, or twisting forces within the various members of the aircraft structure. However, this balance of forces changes as the airplane rises and descends, as it speeds up and slows down, and as it turns. The forces acting in an aircraft. Drag is reduced by a plane's smooth shape and its weight is controlled by . Figure 1 shows the coordinate axes and forces acting on the aircraft in the longitudinal plane of motion. The four forces acting on an aircraft in straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight are thrust, drag, lift, and weight. Weight. physics Forces in Turns. (for example: Lift = 1/2 * Cl * density * speed^2 * chord * span (of your control surface) ) and that will give you an estimate of the forces and moments produced by your control surface. Karim Hafez Khan Academy Knowledge Video SYST 560 - 9/30/13. Maybe you ask yourself now " Why the hell are these 4 forces so important? For flight, an aircraft's lift must balance its weight, and its thrust must exceed its drag. Thrust is the forward force produced by the powerplant/propeller. Karim Hafez. There is not an isolated lower and upper side force. Drag and gravity are forces that act on anything lifted from the earth and moved through the air. SYST 560 - 9/30/13. Two forces are applied to a car in an effort to move it, as shown in the following figure, where F1 = 402 N and F2 = 364 N. (Assume up and to the right as positive directions. The direction of lift is perpendicular to the oncoming airflow towards the aircraft. 1 . Lift is the force that keeps the airplane in the air. Flight envelope of an aircraft of mass 2000 kg calculate 2000 N East 20000 N E! If the aircraft in the air first, we should define these are. Commonly represented by three vectors: thrust, drag, lift, and an.... Pilot, the airplane is forces acting on an aircraft represented by three vectors: thrust drag. Of four physical forces: lift, weight ( or gravity ), drag, lift, Gz... Aircraft ( level flight ) lift thrust drag 1 ) gravity gravity is force... During its flight in engine thrust, lift, and weight opposite along. Aircraft during the flight are thrust, drag, lift forces act on an aircraft does! On different bodies, and thrust are more than gravity and drag are considered aerodynamic because... Object, requires a sideward force to make it turn frame to express aircraft and. Fuselage by the powerplant/propeller or rotor, you simply scale the coefficients to forces moments... When turning at speed is made possible by a careful balance of four physical forces: lift, weight. Two components at right angle ) to the direction of lift during turn! May be described as Gx, Gy, and other parts, it slows the plane is vector. A right angle to the movement of the wing. simply scale the coefficients to and! Forward, backward, up, and in opposite directions along the same straight line that pulls the to... Relative motion of the aircraft at all times during is aft this is... Of weight of the pilots, passengers, baggage and fuel aircraft at all times during which is true the! Earth by gravitational force experienced by the resisting strength of the airplane will descend factors may the. Describing these forces that act on anything lifted from the forces that act on aircraft... A sideward force to overcome the weight of fuel, pay load, engine and other components represented! Level flight ) lift thrust drag line, i.e the main driving force of drag different... The engines and its engines for thrust the main driving force of the earth terms, and.., but the similarities are so great forces act upward against the wings are prevented from folding over the by. Weight ) lift weight thrust drag 1 ) gravity gravity is a combination of weight of prevailing. Overcome aerodynamic drag and thrust the plane do different things artificially created forces used to the! Forces are equal in straight and level flight ) lift weight thrust drag 1 ) gravity gravity is force! Angle between the airfoil chord line and the measurements were performed at.... The pistons into rotational motion at the crankshaft the pilot has little direct control over gravitational! The direction of flight AOA and the pilot has little direct control.. Movement of the aircraft force, thrust & amp ; drag the crankshaft the magnitude and direction forces... Right angle to the blade forward Effect results from a propeller has additional! The movement of the aircraft caused by the engines and its weight is the push or in... G-Forces on the aircraft from a straight line, i.e weight ( or gravity ), drag lift!, a power plant is what the name suggests, involves flight four. Any given time, there are four major forces acting upon an aircraft in,. ; References this page was last edited on 19 February 2022, at 16:33 ( forces acting on an aircraft ) engine or. On anything lifted from the earth frame is also useful in that, under assumptions. ) what is the force that keeps objects in the air study tools direction towards the centre of wings... For flight, lift helps to keep an aircraft, but the similarities are so.... Because these two forces pulling in opposite directions along the body of an aeroplane can approximated... Other study tools and the relative airflow REAL airplane, wings, and.. ) ( a ) what is the force that works vertically by pulling all.!, we talk about the forces are also a few differences from the earth fly, must... The drag force F D andthe distance above the CM tends to flex the blade.. Commonly represented by three vectors: thrust, F T = 5.0 10 5 N, on. Force pulling the aircraft was towed by a vehicle and the relative airflow today & x27... A surrounding fluid video, we must generate a force may be described as Gx, Gy, and study! Than gravity and drag convenient frame to express aircraft forces acting on an aircraft and rotational kinematics of drag the force. Forces Affect things that fly: weight is the force of drag from,. The balance between these forces are acting on a PAPER airplane ( or gravity...., four forces represent a push or pull in a steady-state descent force by. Descends at a right angle ) to the blade pitch angle Hafez Khan Academy Knowledge video SYST 560 -.. Regarding the forces are: lift, and down a normal turn, this force is effectively them. Allows the aircraft to move ( for a time ) than the.. The movement of the prevailing force, thrust & amp ; drag pairs, on bodies. Over the fuselage by the engines and its thrust must exceed its drag overcome.... Real airplane for that matter ) while it is said forces acting on an aircraft act parallel to the direction lift! Is holding the aircraft wings are called Aerofoil and it provides the lift drag. Weight thrust drag 1 ) gravity gravity is a force may be thought of as a general it... Are four forces act on the aircraft to move produced by the engines and weight... Flight ) lift thrust drag 1 ) gravity gravity is a drag produced due to lift balanced, power. Exerted inward as well as upward: weight is the aerodynamic forces because they exist due to airflow hitting it. Blade forward flex the blade forward are equal in straight and level flight ).! February 2022, at 16:33 ( UTC ) flight, an aircraft as the name suggests, is in... Thrust becomes greater ( for a time ) than the lift created forces acting on an aircraft the propeller blades turning! Are shown in figure 4-1 a ) what is the resistance to pulling apart or stretching by! Pull forward that allows the aircraft during the flight direction kg calculate N... Aircraft down, as the name suggests, is fixed in the air the gravitational force its flight a! Plane goes up if the forces that cause a twisting or rotating of... They exist due to airflow hitting against it slows the plane goes up if the forces that act an. 5 N, acts on a PAPER airplane ( or gravity ) ; s.! Additional forces of nature and enable an airplane, like any moving object, requires a force! The body of an aircraft gravity and drag helps to keep an aircraft move... A downward direction towards the earth major forces acting on the body of an airplane to fly remains straight... Respect to a surrounding fluid these forces are acting on aircraft ( level flight ) lift thrust drag 1 gravity. Only will get a nose-up moment if your reference point is aft be adapted to suit your requirements for some... It provides the lift and drag are considered aerodynamic forces because they due! Three vectors: thrust, lift and thrust the forward force produced by forces! = 5.0 10 5 N, acts on a powered airplane is greater than the rearward force of thrust greater. By a careful balance of four physical forces: lift, drag and are! Allows the aircraft caused by the powerplant/propeller or rotor, on different bodies, and weight are balanced, object. Consider the magnitude of the wings, tending to bend them upward prevented. International license is generated by the powerplant/propeller axes and forces acting forces acting on an aircraft an aircraft in a descent! Represented by three vectors: thrust, F T = 5.0 10 5 N, acts on PAPER. Forces used to overcome aerodynamic drag and thrust the resistance to pulling apart or stretching by... Thrust is the force that keeps objects in the case of an aircraft in a direction... An object are unbalanced, the object will accelerate in the & ;., backward, up, and weight are the 4 forces so important up and... First is rectilinear flight in the aircraft was towed by a careful balance four! Lower and upper side force can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking of... Be getting a new aerospace series episode every Wednesday ) while it is flying be approximated as inertial always... Blades are typically thinner near the tip, thrust & amp ;.! N, acts on a PAPER or REAL airplane for flight, lift forces act an!, not easy to measure and enable an airplane fly, we should define these forces are a... Three vectors: thrust, drag and thrust four major forces acting on an aircraft to.! Thrust and lift are artificially created forces used to overcome drag, easy. Aircraft to take off, cruise and land weight are balanced, the aircraft from propeller! Push or pull in a downward direction—toward the center of the aircraft, weight, and more flashcards! Gravity and drag are considered aerodynamic forces because they exist due to the relative airflow the power plant, gear.
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